Session 16

• Mathematics
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Element 2 -  Supporting Education 

Session 16 

T - levels in Education & Early Years 

ZE30801

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Learning objectives 

By the end of the session, all learners will be able to: 

• Continue understanding on the humanistic approach to education and learning. 
  
• Explore Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological systems theory.
  
• Explain Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 
  
• Complete a case study analysis task to monitor current progress. 
  

Can you rise to the challenge?

Each group will be allocated a large piece of paper 

You will work together to summarise all aspects

of Jean Piaget's theory. (He has more than 1). 

Support - but first you will have 

5 minutes to look through your notes before 

we put them away. 

Urie Bronfenbrenner bioecological systems theory 

Bronfenbrenner is known for exploring how external factors 

can indirectly contribute to children's learning and development. 

There is an important focus of  the society and community. 

His theory often focuses on poverty and attitudes, it is important to consider 

if we are focusing on child development that we the wider environment.

There are 5 systems in his theory. 

• Micro system 
• Meso system 
• Exo system 
• Macro system 
• Chrono system 

Research task 

https://www.simplypsychology.org/bronfenbrenner.html

click on the link above and take notes on the 5 different systems stated by Bronfenbrenner.

Understand the 5 systems 

Micro system - This is the child's immediate environment, often reflects on the environment and people that have a direct link to the child. This includes: immediate relationships. Child's parents, siblings, class mates, teachers and cousins. 

for example: supportive parents will reed to their child and influence their child. 

How do the following have an indirect affect on a child?

The mesosystem - This is when a child's micro system does not function independently but is connected with another. 

This is the interaction between two or more micro systems. 

For example: the teacher and parent working together to support the child.

Another example: maybe family based conflict, this is in effect conflict between two micro systems. 

Understand the 5 systems 

The exosystem - This part of his theory was developed later in 1970s. It considers the informal social structures, while not directly interacting with the child it will have an indirect affect on the child's microsystem. 

This often focuses on events around them, for example: parents losing their job. 

Could also consider government influences - political changes. 

Lets take the change in Maths and English - this has happened outside of the child's control. 

The macrosystem - This focuses on cultural elements, ideologies, attitudes and social conditions.

this mainly focuses on the wider context in which a child is growing up in.

Beliefs, gender rolls, family structures are all part of society based norms.

children raised in poverty may have an education disadvantage.

Understand the 5 systems 

The chrono system -  This is the last stage of his ecological systems. 

The chrono system is the shift and transitions a child will experience over time, this could be environmental change, parental divorce, changing schools.

These are events that happen overtime, they can also be historical. 

As child gets older and enters new environments, both physical and cognitive changes will begin to occur this is due to the shift in social norms and apart of ageing. 

In element 1 we looked at legislation reforms, that will also be categorically apart 

of this system. 

Who is Abraham Maslow?

Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, using the T - level text book research and take notes on who Maslow is and what his theory consists of. 

Page 33 - 34

We will engage in group feedback on the board. 

Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of needs

Abraham Maslow was a humanist.

This theory is based on the importance 

of meeting children's individual needs 

to ensure children achieve their full 

potential (top of the hierarchy)

Abraham Maslow - Hierarchy of needs

Maslow argued that children's survival needs must be satisfied before individual can progress in the hierarchy, in effect the higher the stage of the hierarchy the more challenging it can be.

Physiological needs are basic human survival instincts, air, food, warm, water, clothing and sleep. (stage 1)

Safety needs (stage 2) Children need to feel safe in their environment. Their emotional security and well being. 

Love and belonging (stage 3) - refers to emotional needs, a child needs to feel accepted, receive affection and love.

Esteem needs (stage 4) - Having a positive self image and self concept. The way we perceive ourselves. 

Self - actualization (stage 5) - The highest level of the hierarchy where a child reaches their full potential and they have a desire to accomplish every that they can. The ability to not worry about what others think.

Case study analysis task 

For this task you will need to analyse the case study and answer the following questions.  

- What are the direct influences on Rufus? 

- Using Bronfenbrenner's theory, identify some of the indirect influences on Rufus.

- Why is it important for adults working with children to think about the context in which children live?